The residual stresses after machining are the result of the deformation of the surface layers due to the force applied to the material, which leads to the deformation and distribution of the unevenness of the surfaces formed. The paper presents a new direction for the analysis of residual stress distribution over milling technology. Given the method of analyzing residual stress and prediction is highly dependent on the properties of the material, it is important to qualitatively model the transformation states of the material that need to reliably predict its behaviour under functional load conditions. It was found that the roughness produced by the deformation process and the roughness control determine the intensity of the residual stress. Quenched steel samples EN 10027-2: 1992 1.2343 were used as experimental material. A mobile diffractometer Proto iXRD was applied to measure residual stresses. The validity of the experimental method is confirmed by good agreement between theoretical, experimental results and results obtained from literature review.