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The condition of the surface layer after mechanical processing is determined by the influence of a number of physical phenomena occurring during the process. The paper describes the change in the mechanical and microstructural properties of the material after machining with an end mill with variable machining kinematics. The developed model of surface topography was verified after machining with an end mill with a spherical end surface. Also, the authors analyzed the correspondence between the experimentally obtained values and the theoretical values ​​obtained using the model. Based on the research presented in the paper, it was demonstrated the influence of the angle of the tool axis arrangenent relative to the processed material on changes in the values ​​of surface structure parameters and functional parameters determined on the basis of the material share curve, i.e. the Abbot-Fireston curve for various materials. The tests were performed on the following materials: PA6 aluminum alloy (AW-2017), MO58 free-cutting brass alloy and NMV tool steel.